Turmoil in Richmond: Joe Johnston, Jefferson Davis Command Alliance Was Doomed From the Start. "[14] Union cavalry initially armed with the traditional sabre fought at a considerable disadvantage: The Federal cavalry generally fought with sabres; at any rate they carried them, and Mosby used to say they were as useless against a skillfully handled revolver as the wooden swords of harlequins. Reed was then killed by another Ranger, William Chapman. Proposing the idea of leading a band of riders to conduct guerrilla warfare in northern Virginia, Mosby convinced Stuart and Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee to authorize a company of rangers in January 1863. The partisan rangers job would gather intelligence and take supplies away from the Union army. Uncle offuture Princeton football hero JohnPrentiss Poe Jr. Died October 11, 1891, in New York. The 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry, also known as Mosby's Rangers, Mosby's Raiders, or Mosby's Men, was a battalion of partisan cavalry in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. We barely made it, too. Only three men in the Confederate army knew what I was doing or intended to do; they were Lee and Stuart and myself. If attacked themselves, the guerrillas would sometimes ride away a brief distance and then round on their attackers and charge back into them, panicking and scattering them in the melee. An adolescent boy released from school for the day in Upperville just as Mosby's men were chasing Union troopers out of town "became so excited that he mounted a pony and joined in the chase with no weapon except his textbook. Reportedly a prosperous and well-knownarchitect in New York City afterthe war. 8. Captured on January 4, 1865, along withJames Heiskell, and sent to Fort Warren. A friendship based on mutual admiration rose up between the two, and Mosby became a Republican who worked to repair the fractured Union. A guard pulled his revolver, but Charles Dear beat his draw. His well-varnished account of it was that I ordered him to be shot at sunrise, that he said he hoped it would be a foggy morning, and that I was so much amused by his reply that I relented and pardoned him. A small, intrepid mounted force could charge a much larger one, and with the terrorizing advantage of surprise, rout them. Mosby was against secession from the Union, however when the war began, he enlisted in the Confederate infantry as a private, having decided that he couldnt turn against his home state. From a few troopers the rangers gradually grew to eight . Reference: 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry, Mosby's Command. Enjoying the cavalry, but bored with his job as regimental adjutant, Mosby resigned and became attached to the staff of Brig. In Baltimore, he became involved in smuggling goods into the Confederacy and subsequently made his way farther south, joining Mosbys command in March 1863. The first uniforms Mosby's Rangers were issued were made of coarse cloth sewn in prison. By the summer of 1864, Mosby's battalion had grown to six cavalry companies and one artillery company, comprising about 400 men. Stuarts cavalry during the Peninsula Campaign. Mosby supported Grant, his former foe, in the presidential election and was his campaign manager in the state of Virginia. and 10-11-63 raid on a wagon train west of Alexandria. A lieutenant in the Prussian army, he had come in search of adventure with Confederate forces. Captured on January 4, 1865, and sentto Fort Warren in Boston Harbor, fromwhich he was released on June 13,1865. He died in 1927 in Germany. Post War: Mosby was only 31 when the war ended, but was constantly harassed by occupying Union troops. On Jan. 26 1863 to conduct a raid on Federal picket line. . THANK YOU FOR SUPPORTING VETERAN JOURNALISM - JOIN SOFREP+ After February 1864, the Confederate Congress revoked the authority of all partisan units, except for two, one of which was the 43rd Battalion, the other being McNeill's Rangers. In retaliation for the wagon train raid, Sheridans cavalry burned barns, crops, and mills. They were married on June 28, 1864, the same day Sam gained the rank of captain and assumed command of Company E of the 43rd Battalion. On April 21, twelve days after Lee's surrender, Mosby gathered his battalion at Salem in Fauquier County, Virginia, and read this farewell address to his men:[23]. . While riding as part of Mosby's Rangers near the end of the war these men had contact with Thomas F. Harney of the Confederate Torpedo Bureau. Sheridan also acquired the scouting and counterguerrilla services of the 100-man Blazers Scouts under the command of Captain Richard Blazer. HistoryNet.com is brought to you by HistoryNet LLC, the worlds largest publisher of history magazines. He is a different man entirely from what I supposed. The prisoners were allegedly executed, two with throats cut. The first purpose was to take control over guerrilla warfare and decide who would and would not be able to use it. Paid $630 between 7-1-63 and 2-1-64. Once he was released, Mosby walked to the army headquarters outside Richmond and personally related his findings to Robert E. Lee. While there, he wrote a 24-page pamphlet titled A Few Thoughts on Volunteering that espoused the virtues of a volunteer army. When other correspondents were captured in the Rangers' raids, they were treated well and given liquor and cigars. In recognition of his service, Hoskins was awarded the Crimea War Medal with clasps for Alma, Inkermann, and Sebastapol. He was acting under the authority of General Robert E. Lee, who had granted him permission to raise a company in January 1863 under the Partisan Ranger Act of 1862 in which the Confederate Congress authorized the formation of such units. Grandson ofFounding Father George Mason. As troopers of Custers 5th Michigan Cavalry regiment began to torch the house on August 19th, three companies of Mosbys Rangers under Captain William Chapman attacked, Wipe them from the face of the earth! Corder, Joseph M. The mens treatment of their horses and the sentiment they shared about their horses, not as animals but as members of the unit was legendary. In this photograph, taken circa 1865, a clean-shaven Mosby stands in the center of a group of members of the 43 Battalion Virginia Cavalry. On February 22, 1864, during a fight at Ankers Shop (Second Dranesville) in present-day Sterling, Va., Massow got that wish, though not in a manner he could celebrate. Ultimately Union troops found the mountainside hiding places of the cannons and made off with them. After the action he rode his horse some distance toward Fairfax, slid exhausted out of the saddle and fell asleep in a field, and on the following morning: . The men were devoted to their horses. Mosby had agreed to a truce two days before, but not surrender. Mosby, who, it must be noted, was not given his famous sobriquet The Gray Ghost until well after the war, was an intelligent, tough, audacious, and innovative leader. Hoskins was one of the men in the group. In 1899, he was appointed general of the army. Sheridan's army. . He was a brave soldier, and had made many friends while with the command, fellow Ranger James J. Williamson declared in tribute. Enl. The Partisan Ranger Act drew many Southern men who were interested by this opportunity. After the disastrous Union defeat at Fredericksburg in December 1862, Stuart and Mosby led several raids behind enemy lines in Prince William, Fairfax and Loudoun counties, to disrupt the Union communications, harass the enemy and gather supplies for their own forces. The 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry, also His brother, Robert, had preceded him to America and first served in Wheats Battalion (the famed Louisiana Tigers). When it did, rangers entered the cars, killed a Federal officer, and confiscated personal valuables from the passengers. Hibbs, however, developed a system whereby he could find the forage and collect it for the 43rd, locate the still and sample the goods to his hearts content, and then (only then) return to Mosby with the forage and report the still. Engraving reproduced from Major John Scott. Silman, James L. The field officers were Colonel John S. Mosby, Lieutenant Colonel William H. Chapman, and Major A.E . Co. VA Muster Rolls p. 28, as list appeared, They operated from 1863 to 1865 south of the Potomac, behind the Union lines. His uniform andcrutchesare on display inThe Price of Freedom: Americans at War. He agreed with Napoleon, that boys make the best soldiers . The youngster looked down at his books and, without another thought, tossed them aside, leapt upon his horse hitched up outside the school, and joined the chase. Mosby was seriously wounded in December, but there were still small skirmishes during the winter and spring. Just behind them were members of Mosbys Rangers, a cadre that caught Cabs eye. On August 7th, 1864, Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan took command of the United States Army of the Shenandoah. "The rangers had some of the best horses in a region known for raising great horses. All Rights Reserved. Furious over Major Mosby's successful raids behind Union lines, General Stoughton orders Captain Morrow to locate the source of the Confederates' information. Promoted to 1st lieutenant on April2, 1862, and served as adjutant of the1st Virginia Cavalry. Even though she has lived in the state of Virginia longer than she lived in New Jersey, she still gets called a Yankeeaffectionately, she thinks. [25] In discussing as Mosby's "greatest piece of annoyance", the Greenback Raid in which Mosby's men derailed a train and captured a $170,000 payroll from the paymasters of Philip Sheridan's army (each of the 80 raiders received a $2100 share, though Mosby himself took nothing), Munson says that due to Mosby's comparatively tiny force, [i]t was necessary for the Federal troops to guard every wagon train, railroad bridge and camp with enough active and efficient men to prevent Mosby from using his three hundred raiders in one of his destructive rushes at any hour of the day or night. Inc. It was no uncommon thing for one of our men to gallop by a tree at full tilt, and put three bullets in its trunk in succession. Constitution Avenue, NW Louisa,known as Luly, is remembered forher book A Southern Girl in 61: TheWar-Time Memories of a ConfederateSenators Daughter. By early September, Sheridan launched a new offensive, this time with improved security. The second purpose was to promote the use of guerrilla warfare to help protect areas where there was little protection from the army. On May 30, 1863, the Rangers derailed and attacked a train near Catletts Station, Va. William also fell in love with a young lady, Josephine Jeffries, living in Mosbys Confederacy. It has been said that we wore blue to deceive the enemy, but this is ridiculous, for we were always in the enemy's country where a Southern soldier caught dressed in a blue uniform would have been treated to a swift court-martial and shot as a spy. It is difficult to evaluate the contribution of Mosby's raids to the overall Confederate war effort. He laid in state at the Fauquier County Courthouse in Warrenton, Virginia, and was buried in Warrenton Cemetery. That was [our] final ride together. General Rosser erred here indicating ignorance of Mosby's tactics, as it has been tirelessly repeated that Mosby's men rejected the saber for the much more efficient six shot pistol. The 43rd Battalion were partisans who melted into the civilian population when not on a raid, and at one point General Grant ordered several captured partisans hanged for being out of uniform. I am no longer your commander. He was admitted to the insaneward at Bellevue Hospital in August. Cab Madduxmade a rather attractive mark, but as the bullets were splashing the water around him, his characteristic solicitude for others was manifested. He survived, however, living until 1929. Whether it was the family road trip toGettysburgor thestampalbum I had featuring all of the generals that got me hooked, I now consider myself very lucky to work among Civil War objects. Mosby was a small town lawyer who joined the Confederate Army when his home state of Virginia seceded from the Union, and who became GeneralJeb Stuart'sbest scout, earning himself both a command and the nickname "Gray Ghost." Gen. Edwin H. Stoughton who was captured in bed. He took part in Stuarts famous ride around McClellans army but was captured on July 20, while waiting for a train at Beaverdam Depot. While being transported back to the South, he observed large amounts of Union troops under Ambrose Burnside from North Carolina on their way to reinforce the Army of the Potomac and John Pope in the Northern Virginia Campaign. How long he had stood there in mute appeal for sympathy and relief, I do not know--perhaps all night. Much of it was paid for by Uncle Sam out of the money we got from him directly and indirectly. Mosby disbanded the 43rd at Salem on April 21,1865 [1] . He was soon granted a commission as a Major and assembled two companies of cavalry and eight of infantry called the Virginia Volunteers and took part in the first Battle of Bull Run. They, Mosby especially, had not factored in a large and rapid response from Union cavalry in the area as elements of the 7th Michigan Cavalry, 5th New York Cavalry, and the 1st Vermont Cavalry all converged on Mosby and forced the Rangers to begin a fighting withdrawal. consistently elude pursuit, the Rangers disrupted Union communications and The next day, April 21st, 1865, Colonel John Singleton Mosby disbanded his ranger battalion, but never officially surrendered. Since the close of the war, I have come to know Colonel Mosby personally and somewhat intimately. As the fiery Covenanter rode on his predestined course the enemys ranks withered wherever he went. A few rangers carried other weapons, but Mosby favored pistols, especially 1860 Colt Army revolvers, because they provided close-combat firepower without being cumbersome. He soon came back and said it was not. The second purpose was to promote the use of guerrilla warfare to help protect areas where there was little protection from the army. This proved useful to Confederate military raiding. HIBBS. [18] Mosby tried out some small field artillery pieces, including a 12-pound (5.4kg) brass Napoleon,[19] but artillery proved to be too cumbersome for his fast hit-and-run tactics and not especially helpful in action. By the end of the war, its roster would number almost 2,000 men. He wasknown to every man in the Command and to everybody in that country, as a fighter.. . When Mosby became aware of the location of a still, he had it destroyed. By the time Mosby chose to disband rather than surrender the 43rd on April 21, 1865, nearly 800 men had been part of this elite unit. Among the rangers there were 8 men named Davis, 7 men named Cornwell, 5 men named Kincheloe, 5 men named Mayhugh. The total tally for the 43rd Battalion by October 1864 was 1,600 horses and mules, 230 beef cattle, 85 wagons and ambulances, and 1,200 captured, killed or wounded, including Union Brig. With robust designs and vintage classic style, discover the heritage of military timepieces today! ALEXANDERGIBSON CAREY,Private, Company E. Brother of Ranger James Carey. Once, while chasing a fleeing detachment of Union cavalry, Massow supposedly exclaimed, This is more fun than a fox hunt! On another occasion, when a group of Rangers had surreptitiously slipped into a stable containing Union horses with the intention of capturing them, Massow expressed his disgust by saying, much too loudly, This is not fighting, this is horse stealing! Between the chuckles and shock at his noisy outburst, the other Rangers were able to quiet him. How did this actually affect armies? [13] Mosby and his men had a "poor opinion" of cavalry sabres, and did not use them. Many years past military age, he rode side by side with his own sons, in the foremost ranks, and his poor maimed and scarred body attested to his familiarity with hot battle., Hibbs did revel in the name, and his tombstone in Mount Zion Baptist Church Cemetery in Aldie, Va., is clearly marked MAJOR Wm. But Mosby fought on. . Mosbys Rangers Are Born:Mosby created his force under the auspices of the Partisan Ranger Act of 1862 which sought to recruit irregulars for service into the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. In1904, he was recorded residing at theMaryland Line Confederate SoldiersHome in Baltimore. Relevance This sort of shooting left the enemy with a good many empty saddles after an engagement. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 25,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. Lawrence, Orde Wingate, David Stirling, and Aaron Bank. Inside the trains paymasters box was cash worth $173,000, which Mosby later divided between his ranger participants, about $2,100 apiece. Served with the 1st MarylandCavalry before joining Mosbys Rangers. After the wagons were plundered, Mosby ordered them burned. While recuperating, Sam fell in love with his future wife, Eliza Rebecca Miss Beck Elgin. Stuart, loaned him the services of nine cavalrymen. This temporary, and informal, command would evolve into the 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalryknown better as Mosbys Rangers. After less than a month, Mosbys combat tactics in the Valley were established. [Photographed between 1861 and 1865, printed between 1880 and 1889] Photograph. Seeing a comrade in arms struggling through the waves some distance off and not receiving that attention from the Federal soldiers which he thought due to his rank, Cab cried out at the top of his voice, Hurry up, Major Hibbs! [15], For instance, describing the fight at Miskel's barn, Munson says of William H. Chapman (later lieutenant colonel of Mosby's command) wheeling his horse in a thicket of Yankees "[t]he pistols were not a foot apart. During the Civil War Mosby's Rangers were an irregular body of Confederate troops under the command of Col. John S. Mosby. The Mosby's Rangers had secured $168,000 from two paymasters of Gen. P.H. Those who were not captured or killed, scattered. was acting under the authority of General Robert E. Lee, who had granted him Years afterwards Cab confessed why he gave the false alarm. The only difference is in the danger Mosby felt that "a small force moving with celerity and threatening many points on a line can neutralize a hundred times its own number. The Scouts never fought Mosby again. DANIEL GIRAUD WRIGHT,Private, Company D. Born in Rio de Janeiro and attendedthe University of Virginia from 1857to 1861. They are a terror to the citizens and an injury to the cause [because], General Lee sent the letter on to the Confederate War Department with an endorsement recommending "the law authorizing these partisan corps be abolished." He was wounded twice in battle but was able to return to duty quickly each time. During the Civil War, "Mosby's Confederacy" encompassed 1,800 square miles, including today's Fauquier, Loudon, Clarke, Warren, and Prince William counties. The 43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion, also known as Mosby's Rangers, Mosby's Raiders, or Mosby's Men, was a battalion of partisan cavalry in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. Mosby, it was reported, woke Stoughton with a spank on his bare back. The general was outraged and demanded to know what the meaning of this was. The members of the battalion were referred to as soldiers, partisans, rangers, and guerillas. Harney . Stuart for the Confederacy during the Fredericksburg and Gettysburg campaigns and started his own cavalry unit, the 43rd Battalion of Virginia Cavalry, which became known as Mosbys Rangers, or Mosbys Raiders. Praesidus brings homage to the military watch tradition. Called the Vineyard Fight, this action prevented the 14th Pennsylvania from reinforcing Sheridans punitive cavalry campaign across the Blue Ridge. Southerners, however, viewed this as a betrayal to their cause, and Mosby was shunned by the people who formerly revered him. I had no faith in the saber as a weapon. "When I first saw this object in the mathematics collections in 2000, I was cataloguing protractors, devices for drawing Editor's note: Civil War technology is the topic of this weekend'ssymposium, and some of the sessions may surprise you, particularly African American History Curatorial Collective, 3 surprising facts about Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman, The "Swamp Fox of Missouri" and his protractor. . In his memoirs, John Munson stated that if the objective was simply "to annoy the enemy," they succeeded. On April 21, 1865, Mosby disbanded rather than surrender the 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry in Salem, Va. (today Marshall). A New Jersey Yankee now living in the area of Virginia known as "Mosby's Confederacy" during the Civil War, curator Kathleen Golden shares what she finds so interesting about John S. Mosbythe ranger, fugitive, friend of President Ulysses S. Grant, diplomat, and inspiration for a 1950s television showon his 180th birthday. Atkins is buried in an unmarked grave somewhere near Paris, Va. Baron Robert von Massow (Baron Robert August Valentin Albert Reinhold von Massow, to be exact) arrived in Richmond in July 1863. This quickly became the norm for Mosbys men when the captured Union soldiers. Noted . Mosby placed a mountain howitzer he had taken with him on the raid at the top of a small rise on a road up which the Union cavalry would have to attack. This continued until late in November 1864 when Mosby wrote to General Philip Sheridan and requested that both sides return to treating prisoners of war more humanely. Mosby usually conducted his operations with as few as twenty or as many as one or two hundred, but he . Later, an Englishman named Charles Green who lived nearby in the small town of Greenwich, Va., found Hoskins and took him to his home. Albumen silver print photograph by David Bendann. 1862 in which the Confederate Congress authorized the formation of such units. Not only him but his wife and family as well. The remaining Rangers fled, leaving Hoskins lying on the field in a pool of his own blood. Although the war in the Valley was almost over, the soldiers did not know it. Mosby rose slowly, put his hand on his revolver and said, if the truce no longer protects us, we are at your mercy, but we shall protect ourselves. A ranger witness later said, had Mosby given the word, not one Yankee there wouldve lived. Instead, Mosby and his men rode away from the Shenandoah Valley without pursuit from the Federals. Date Released Ignoring Earlys indifference, Mosby decided to stretch his resources to defend the Valley anyway, to vex and embarrass Sheridan andto prevent his advance into the interior of the state. Mosby was acting on his own; his best friend and mentor, Jeb Stuart, had been killed in action on May 12th, 1864. The vision we have cherished for a free and independent country has vanished and that country is now the spoil of a conqueror. The rangers fired two cannon rounds, then charged into the unsuspecting Federal troops. Frances was a milliner and opened a shop in town while Miletus ran a general store. Born in 1817, he was 2030 years older than the vast majority of the unit. Among the Battalion's youngest members was a 16-year-old Scottsville boy named Henry G. Harris. CLAIBORNE ROBINSON,Private, Company D. Lived in Baltimore after the war. He formed a group of his best fighters around the gun and prepared to make what amounted to a last stand. In his later years, he would weigh 450 pounds and be recognized in some newspapers as the largest man in Virginia. At the war's end, Mosby was a fugitive with a bounty on his head but received a pardon from President Ulysses S. Grant. At least partially in retaliation for the recent ranger executions in Front Royal, Mosby, through a lottery process, identified seven Federal prisoners to be hanged. They received mixed signals from General Winfield Scott Hancocks staff and rather than risk it, they instead just disbanded the unit. The sad task of leading the remainder of the command to Winchester, Va., to seek wartime paroles fell to Mosbys No. Never wounded during the war, Chapman ironically received his first-ever gunshot at the hands of a tax-evading moonshiner. McDonald, Samuel Triplett, T.D. . Early the next morning, hearing reports of Federal troops near Berryville, Chapman approached the town from the southwest and met the 6th New York Cavalry regiment, a lead element of Sheridans force. awoke [and] saw my horse standing at my feet with his head bending over me. The young family moved into a two-story brick house on Harrison . kealbo54 Sergeant Major. Of his purpose in raiding behind the Union lines, Mosby said: My purpose was to weaken the armies invading Virginia, by harassing their rear to destroy supply trains, to break up the means of conveying intelligence, and thus isolating an army from its base, as well as its different corps from each other, to confuse their plans by capturing their dispatches, are the objects of partisan war. Federal Lieutenant Eugene Ferris, 30th Massachusetts Infantry, refused to surrender and escaped by wounding four of the rangers. [5] Mosby's command operated mainly within the distance a horse could travel in a day's hard riding, approximately 25 miles (40km) in any direction from Middleburg, Virginia. Robert later became Maj. Gen. Arnold Elzeys aide-de-camp before returning to Ireland in 1864. Each man had at least two horses and many men had several. By June of 1862, Mosby was scouting for J.E.B. Mosby's Rangers Are Born: Mosby created his force under the auspices of the Partisan Ranger Act of 1862 which sought to recruit irregulars for service into the Confederate States Army during the . Mosby's Rangers in the Shenandoah Valley. He was a rather dour and taciturn individual, but Jeffries, whom he married on February 25, 1864, evidently coaxed a softer persona out of him. Late in the month, with Stuarts blessing, Mosby gathered experienced horsemen from the Middleburg, VA area to form Mosbys Rangers. Civil War Links and Information] [Rosters of men who served Virginia from the lower Shenandoah Valley] ROSTER OF MOSBY'S 43rd BATTALION CAVALRY-- But the enemy came up in time to make it hot for our rear guard. This also led to the recruitment of irregular soldiers into the Confederate army. Hibbs feats link him with another Ranger, Henry Cabell Maddux, born on July 17, 1848, and nicknamed Cab. On February 20, 1864, still just 15 years old, Maddux was leaving a boys academy in Upperville, Va., his school books in his hand, when a group of Union cavalrymen came galloping through town. known as Mosby's Rangers, Mosby's Raiders, or Mosby's Men, was a battalion of Rosser agreed with the Union that Mosby's men were not soldiers but glorified thievesand bad for morale, because his regular troops were jealous: [Mosby's men] are a nuisance and an evil to the service. The gun and prepared to make what amounted to a last stand horse standing at my feet with future. Of Gen. P.H $ 173,000, which Mosby later divided between his Ranger participants about. April2, 1862, and was his campaign manager in the Rangers gradually grew to eight Wingate David... Lying on the field officers were Colonel John S. Mosby, lieutenant Colonel William H. Chapman, and with command! From general Winfield Scott Hancocks staff and rather than risk it, instead! 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